Table of Contents
Introduction
Estonia is a charming Northern European country located on the shores of the Baltic Sea. With its picturesque medieval towns, stunning natural landscapes, and rich cultural traditions, it is a vastly underrated destination for travelers looking to discover somewhere new. This article will highlight the diverse attractions waiting to be explored in Estonia, focusing on two of its most captivating cities – the coastal town of Haapsalu in the west, and the university city of Tartu in the south.
There are several excellent reasons to put Estonia on your travel bucket list. It offers an intriguing blend of Scandinavian and Eastern European influences in its architecture, food and culture. The easily walkable towns are steeped in an illustrious history dating back to the 13th century. There is also abundant natural beauty, with over 1500 islands dotting its extensive coastline and large areas set aside as national parks. Add in friendly locals, good tourism infrastructure, and favorable exchange rates, and Estonia has all the makings of an unforgettable vacation.
Haapsalu
The seaside town of Haapsalu on the west coast has been a popular summer retreat since the 19th century. Its first mention dates all the way back to 1279, when it was the bishop’s seat of the region. Let’s explore some of the top attractions that make Haapsalu so endearing.
Haapsalu Bishop’s Castle
The magnificent Haapsalu Castle is the jewel of the town’s skyline. Built in the 13th century, it served as the headquarters of the Bishopric of Ösel-Wiek until the 16th century. Today, the imposing stone walls and towers remain remarkably well-preserved. Wander through the gothic halls, and learn about the site’s long history as a religious center. Don’t forget to climb the grand viewing platform for splendid vistas over Haapsalu.
Railway Station
Haapsalu’s quaint wooden railway station harkens back to a bygone era. When it opened in 1905, it provided a vital link from the town to the rest of Estonia. No longer operational, the building now houses a fascinating museum chronicling the history of Estonian railways. Train enthusiasts will adore the collection of vintage locomotives on display. Outside, relax in the peaceful garden and imagine the station’s golden days over a century ago.
Promenade and Beaches
Haapsalu is renowned for its restorative seaside location. Stroll along the scenic 2km promenade edged by charming wooden buildings. Dip your toes in the shallow waters of the bay, said to have curative powers. For swimming and sunbathing, make your way to one of the silky sand beaches just a short walk away. In the evenings, join locals enjoying sunset strolls along this picturesque waterfront.
Tartu
Now let’s travel inland to the vibrant university town of Tartu. As Estonia’s second largest city, it brims with youthful energy and a rich cultural heritage. Tartu’s history stretches back over 1000 years to its earliest settlements. Let’s explore the top sites in this dynamic city.
University of Tartu
No visit to Tartu is complete without venturing inside its world-renowned university. Established in 1632, it is one of the oldest in Northern Europe. The handsome historic buildings hold fascinating museums and archives chronicling the university’s central role in Estonian culture. Don’t miss the grand auditoriums, student pubs and the magnificent Main Building perched on Toome Hill.
Town Hall Square
This lively square forms the heart of central Tartu. The striking Town Hall dates back to 1789 and is one of the city’s most recognizable landmarks. The rest of the square is lined with alfresco cafes perfect for people watching. During summer, concerts and markets fill the cobblestoned plaza with infectious energy. Pop inside the nearby St. John’s Church for more lovely views of the square.
St. John’s Church
First built in the 13th century, majestic St. John’s Church dominates Tartu’s skyline with its soaring Gothic spire. Inside, marvel at the fascinating mix of medieval vaults, Gothic arches and Baroque-era gravestones. Climb the church tower’s 115 steps for panoramic views over the city’s red rooftops. St. John’s and its hilltop location are wonderful for understanding Tartu’s long spiritual legacy.
Estonian Landscapes
Beyond its towns and cities, Estonia’s sublime natural landscapes beg to be explored. Lush forests, sparkling lakes and stretches of coastline make up some of the country’s finest scenery. The national parks system safeguards these ecological treasures for the enjoyment of generations to come.
Lahemaa National Park
On the north coast, Lahemaa National Park protects a wondrous landscape of dense forests, boggy wetlands and rocky beaches. Its diverse ecosystems harbor plentiful wildlife like boars, deer and over 220 bird species. The charming 18th century manors scattered throughout the park offer glimpses into Estonia’s long agricultural heritage.
Vilsandi National Park
Off Estonia’s west coast, Vilsandi National Park spans a spectacular 150 island archipelago. With its sweeping sand beaches, coastal meadows and sheltered bays, it’s a haven for marine wildlife. Join a guided boat tour to spot seals, whales and over 70,000 breeding seabirds between spring and fall. The park’s remote location makes it an unforgettable adventure.
Karula National Park
In southern Estonia, Karula National Park dazzles visitors with its rolling hills blanketed in forests of pine, spruce and birch. Its idyllic landscapes are home to bears, lynx, deer and elk. Spend days hiking the park’s secluded woods and gaze over shimmering lakes from rocky escarpments. Karula provides the perfect peaceful escape into Estonia’s natural splendor.
Traditional Estonian Culture
After exploring Estonia’s cities and landscapes, become better acquainted with its vibrant culture. From mouthwatering cuisine to spirited music, there are so many memorable traditions to experience.
Estonian food blends Nordic and Slavic influences, with staples like black rye bread, smoked fish, dairy and potatoes. Be sure to try rich stews like cabbage rosolje or festive roast pork with mulgikapsad (sauerkraut). Sample the sült (jellied meat) and savory pastries like kringel. Complete your feast with traditional sõir (cottage cheese) and kama (sweet Estonian porridge).
You can’t visit Estonia without reveling in its folk music and dance culture. Traditional troubadour songs, pulsing drum dances and upbeat fiddle tunes will have you whirling across the dance floor in no time. The iconic Song and Dance Celebration every 5 years showcases Estonian culture with mass choirs and dance troupes – an unforgettable spectacle.
Finally, unwind like an Estonian with a relaxing trip to the sauna, or leiliruum in the local tongue. Saunas hold an almost sacred place in the culture, providing tranquil spaces to recharge body and mind. Close your Estonian adventure perfectly with an invigorating birch whisk beat and steaming sauna session.
Conclusion
Estonia’s alluring blend of medieval charm, cultural traditions and abundant nature provides an undeniably epic adventure for travelers. From the Baltic coast to forested hinterlands, there is so much stunning scenery and rich history to uncover. The well-preserved medieval towns of Haapsalu and Tartu give visitors a window into Estonia’s formative years under German traders and the Livonian Order. Beyond the urban highlights lies the country’s diverse landscapes, protected within expansive national parks. After wandering Estonia’s forests and wetlands, indulge in hearty local cuisine and spirited cultural festivals. With its variety of unforgettable destinations, Estonia packs a surprising amount into a small country. Heed the call of the open road or rails and let this little land captivate you.
FAQs
What is the best time of year to visit Estonia?
The summer months of June through August are ideal with mild temperatures and long sunny days. May and September are also pleasant times with fewer crowds and lower prices.
What is the easiest way to travel between cities in Estonia?
Estonia has excellent bus and train connections between cities. Driving is also convenient with good infrastructure, but allows flexibility to see smaller towns.
What languages are spoken in Estonia?
Estonian is the official language. English is widely spoken in cities and tourist destinations. Some Russian is also spoken by older generations.
What currency does Estonia use?
Estonia uses the Euro (€) since adopting it in 2011. Credit cards are widely accepted and ATMs are easy to find.
What traditional Estonian dishes should I try?
Sour cream sauces with potatoes, sauerkraut, rye bread, smoked fish, porridge, juniper cheese, elk stew and berry desserts are top picks.