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Introduction to Santo Domingo
Santo Domingo is the vibrant capital of the Dominican Republic and the oldest permanent European settlement in the Americas. This historic city is located on the southern coast of the island of Hispaniola. It was founded in 1496 by Bartolomé Columbus, the brother of Christopher Columbus.
With its cobblestone streets and colorful colonial buildings, Santo Domingo gives visitors a glimpse into the island’s rich history. Yet it also has a lively, cosmopolitan feel with modern amenities. Whether you want to relax at an outdoor café, stroll through ancient ruins, or dance the night away to merengue music, Santo Domingo has something to offer every kind of traveler.
Brief History of Santo Domingo
Indigenous Settlement
Prior to European contact, Hispaniola was inhabited by an indigenous group known as the Taíno. They called the island Quisqueya and had well-established towns and cultural traditions. Christopher Columbus arrived in 1492 and the Spanish soon established colonies, including Santo Domingo.
Colonial Period
As the site of the first permanent Spanish settlement in the Americas, Santo Domingo has immense historical significance. It was the base for Spanish exploration and the dissemination of European culture and Christianity in the region. Horrendous treatment led to the Taíno population being decimated within a few decades. With indigenous labor no longer available, the Spanish imported enslaved people from Africa to work on sugar plantations.
Santo Domingo was subject to pirate attacks and briefly occupied by the French in the late 17th century. It came under French rule again from 1801 to 1809 and from 1822 to 1844. This French influence is still evident in architecture and culture.
Independence & Beyond
Juan Pablo Duarte founded a secret society called La Trinitaria that led the Dominican independence movement. On February 27, 1844 the Dominicans declared independence from Haiti, establishing a separate Dominican Republic. However, years of political turmoil followed. In 1861 the country voluntarily returned to being a Spanish colony. War eventually led to permanent independence in 1865.
In the 20th century, the US occupied the DR from 1916 to 1924. In 1930, Rafael Trujillo began a brutal 31-year dictatorship. Democracy was restored in 1978. Santo Domingo today is a bustling center of commerce and tourism for the nation.
Top Historical Sites in Santo Domingo
Santo Domingo’s Zona Colonial (Colonial Zone) is a designated UNESCO World Heritage Site filled with fascinating history. Here are some top sites to visit:
Zona Colonial
The Zona Colonial contains the oldest parts of the city with cobblestone streets and buildings that date back to the 1500s. It is compact and walkable.
Plaza de España
This main square is lined with cafes and restaurants in picturesque colonial structures. The Catedral Primada de América and Alcázar de Colón both face onto the plaza.
Catedral Primada de America
Constructed from 1514 to 1540, this was the first cathedral built in the Americas. Pope Paul III elevated it to the rank of primary cathedral in 1546. Be sure to see the lavish gold chapel and Columbus’ tomb.
Alcázar de Colón
Diego Columbus, son of Christopher Columbus, resided in this palace from 1510 to 1520. It displays period furnishings and has beautiful gardens.
Parque Independencia
This park contains the Puerta del Conde gate, an original 16th century city entrance, as well as the impressive Fortaleza Ozama built in the early 1500s overlooking the Ozama River.
Museo Alcázar de Colón
This museum in Diego Columbus’ restored residence has interesting exhibits about the colonial period and the Columbus family’s life in the New World.
Plaza de la Cultura
This plaza is home to the Teatro Nacional and several museums like the Museo del Hombre Dominicano and Museo de Arte Moderno. It hosts concerts and cultural events.
Unique Architecture
Colonial Buildings
The Zona Colonial is full of Spanish colonial buildings with striking facades, shady interior courtyards, arched walkways, and ornate details. The tropical climate led builders to favor open-air designs with breezy terraces and high ceilings.
Ruins & Forts
Remnants of the early Spanish forts and city walls can be seen throughout the city. The 16th century Fortaleza Ozama looms over the colonial buildings. Las Ruinas del Hospital San Nicolás de Barí are evocative ruins of the New World’s first hospital.
Vibrant Culture
Santo Domingo brims with artistic and cultural expressions.
Music & Dance
As the birthplace of merengue and bachata music, Santo Domingo has lively dance clubs and street parties. Listen for traditional tambora drums or watch couples whirl across dance floors.
Cuisine
Dominican cuisine reflects indigenous, Spanish, and African influences. Try mouthwatering dishes like mofongo mashed plantains, sancocho stew, and chicharrón crispy pork. Don’t miss the fresh juices like morir soñando.
Nightlife
From sophisticated cocktail lounges to raucous discotecas open until dawn, Santo Domingo’s nightlife sizzles. The Malecón waterfront has trendy bars and clubs. Calle El Conde is another hotspot.
Walking Tour Itineraries
The compact Zona Colonial is ideal to explore by foot. Here are suggested 1 day and 2-3 day walking itineraries:
1 Day
Start at Parque Colón visiting key sites like the Catedral and Alcázar. Walk down Calle El Conde shopping and dining. See ruins like Las Damas. End in Plaza España before dinner and evening entertainment.
2-3 Days
With more time, visit more museums and churches. Venture into Gazcue’s cultural sites and parks. Head to the Malecón and sampan-lined Ozama River. Stay late dancing at a nightclub. Consider a guided walking tour for deeper insight.
Day Trips from Santo Domingo
While the capital deserves ample time, nearby excursions allow you to experience more of the DR’s allure.
National Parks
South of the city, Parque Nacional Los Haitises has stunning limestone formations rising from the bay. Jungle vegetation and mangroves make it ideal for birdwatching and boating excursions.
Beaches
Reach world-class beaches in under an hour from Santo Domingo. Head east to Boca Chica’s white sands. Go further to the resort town Punta Cana for crystal waters.
Where to Stay
Accommodation options abound in distinct neighborhoods.
Colonial Zone
For historical ambience, stay right in the Zona Colonial, choosing from boutique hotels in converted 16th century buildings, bed and breakfasts, or larger resorts.
Other Neighborhoods
Those seeking modern amenities can consider big chain hotels in the Gazcue university district or along the Malecón. Quieter lodgings are found in Piantini and Naco.
Getting Around
Public Transportation
Guagua buses, the Metro, and the new cable car system provide public transit. Routes connect major points across the city inexpensively.
Taxis
Hailed taxis offer an affordable way to reach key sites. Agree on the price before entering, as meters are not always used. Uber also operates here.
Walking
Once in the Zona Colonial, walking allows you to fully savor the sights, sounds, and tastes of this captivating historic district. Just be sure to wear comfortable shoes!
Safety Tips
Use common sense as in any big city. Avoid deserted or poorly lit streets at night. Only take regulated taxis, especially at night. Keep valuables secure. When possible, have your hotel call you a taxi.
Best Times to Visit
December to April sees less rain and milder temperatures. Key events range from Carnival festivities in February to Independence Day celebrations in late February/early March. Expect crowds and higher rates around Christmas/New Year’s.
Conclusion
With its storied history and lively spirit, Santo Domingo offers the ideal introduction to the Dominican Republic. Wandering the cobblestone colonial streets transports you back centuries, while modern culture and nightlife beckon. Don’t miss savoring this historic Caribbean capital that holds so many of the Americas’ firsts.
FAQs
What currency is used in Santo Domingo?
The Dominican peso (DOP) is the official currency. US dollars are widely accepted in tourism areas.
What languages are spoken in Santo Domingo?
Spanish is the official language, but English is spoken in many tourist spots. Learning a few Spanish phrases will enrich interactions.
What is the electricity and outlet type?
110V, 60Hz. Outlets have two flat prongs so US visitors may need an adapter.
How do I get from the airport to the city center?
Las Américas International Airport is 22km east of the city. Tourist shuttles, taxis, and ride shares like Uber are available. A public bus is the cheapest option.
What should I pack for a trip to Santo Domingo?
Pack lightweight clothing, sun protection (hat, sunglasses, sunscreen), comfortable walking shoes, insect repellent, swimsuit if you’ll visit beaches, and any needed medications.