Table of Contents
Introduction
Nestled along the banks of the Nemunas River, Kaunas is Lithuania’s second largest city and former capital. Though it often lives in the shadow of its bigger and more famous cousin Vilnius, Kaunas has plenty of historic charm, culture, and youthful energy that makes it a rising star on the European travel scene.
With its strategic location along important trade routes, Kaunas has a long and tumultuous history. It was founded in the 13th century and was later occupied by both Sweden and Russia over the centuries. After World War I when Vilnius was occupied by Poland, Kaunas became the temporary capital of an independent Lithuania from 1919 to 1939. The interwar period was Kaunas’ golden age, when it flourished economically and culturally.
Today, Kaunas continues to evolve with a thriving art, music, and restaurant scene driven by its large student population. It retains its rich heritage through its historic Old Town and medieval castle, while embracing modernity through contemporary galleries and festivals. Kaunas rewards visitors with an authentic Lithuanian experience without the high prices and crowds of other European hotspots. Read on to discover why Kaunas is Lithuania’s hidden gem waiting to be explored.
Reasons Kaunas is a hidden gem
Rich history and culture
From sprawling red brick castles to Gothic churches and Northern European merchant architecture, Kaunas has historical sites spanning nearly every era. Wander quaint cobblestone streets and expansive plazas to take in over 600 years of history and culture. Don’t miss important landmarks like the 14th century Kaunas Castle, the ornate Vytautas the Great War Museum, and countless churches and monasteries.
Architectural diversity
In addition to medieval sites, Kaunas boasts a unique mix of architectural styles from Art Deco to Bauhaus to Stalinist brutalism. This reflects its strategic location at the crossroads of East and West. See how history has shaped the city by exploring sites like Christ’s Resurrection Basilica, Kaunas State Musical Theatre, and temporary capital era buildings along Laisvės Alėja (Liberty Avenue).
Vibrant art scene
Dubbed the “contemporary capital of culture,” Kaunas is home to an array of galleries, street art, festivals, and other artistic happenings. Check out galleries in the Old Town and Santaka Valley, colorful murals splashed on buildings, and rotating open-air exhibitions in public spaces. Don’t miss the twin M.K. Čiurlionis museums showcasing this famous Lithuanian painter and composer.
Youthful energy
With over 50,000 students attending universities here, Kaunas has an undeniable lively, creative spirit. Students and young professionals keep the city active through cafes, bars, live music venues, and outdoor activities along the river. Visit any time, but especially in spring and summer, to experience Kaunas’ vibrant culture.
Affordable and convenient
Compared to more famous European cities, Kaunas offers tremendous value. Public transportation, taxis, tours, meals, and accommodation cost a fraction of the price. The compact Old Town also makes it easy to explore most attractions on foot. Fly into Kaunas International Airport or take a bus or train for convenient access.
Outdoorsy and green
From scenic riverside trails to lush gardens and parks, Kaunas earned the name “city of parks” for good reason. Spend time outdoors at Santaka Park, the Kaunas Reservoir, Azuolynas Park, and other natural oases close to the city center. Its abundant green spaces and waterways provide the perfect spots for urban hiking, cycling, picnics and recreation.
Key sites and attractions
Old Town
The charming heart of Kaunas, this well-preserved district contains winding alleys, historic churches, and merchant architecture from medieval times. Top sights include the Renaissance-style Town Hall Square, 14th century Kaunas Castle ruins, Gothic St. George Church, and the Historical Presidential Palace.
Kaunas Castle
First constructed in the 14th century, this imposing red brick fortress on the Nemunas River has served many purposes over the centuries. Today the castle ruins and archaeological site give visitors a window into Lithuania’s complex past, from its pagan roots to wars with the Teutonic Order.
Museums
Learn about Kaunas’ history and culture through its excellent museums. Top picks include the Devil’s Museum showcasing folklore artwork, MK Ciurlionis museums dedicated to the famous Lithuanian artist and composer, the stirring Vytautas the Great War Museum, and the Aviation Museum filled with aircraft.
Churches
With over 35 churches, Kaunas earns its nickname “Northern Rome.” Marvel at the striking 16th century Baroque facade of St. Michael the Archangel, dubbed the “Pope of Kaunas,” and visit ornate beauties like St. Francis Xavier Church and the Carmelite Church of St. Theresa.
Parks
Beyond its museums and monuments, Kaunas invites visitors to enjoy natural beauty in its abundant parks and public spaces. Relax among roses in fragrant Santaka Park, take in panoramic city views in Azuolynas Park, or stroll any of the green pedestrian boulevards and riverfront promenades.
Shopping and entertainment
Kaunas offers plenty of options for dining, drinking, shopping and nightlife. Find boutiques, souvenirs, and eateries along Vilnius and Laisvės Alėja streets. For evening fun, enjoy live music at bars on Muitinės Gatvė, sip coffee on outdoor patios, or see theatre and dance at the Musical Theatre.
Annual events and festivals
Pažaislis Music Festival
Each summer, classical musicians from around the world perform in the breathtaking Baroque courtyard of Pažaislis Monastery. Hear chamber orchestras, soloists and more during this international festival.
Kaunas Jazz Festival
Jazz legends like Chick Corea have graced this festival spotlighting European jazz talents. Join in the cool spring vibe during concerts held in theatres, clubs and other venues across the city.
Hanseatic Days
Step back to medieval times when Kaunas hosted Hanseatic merchants. Locals dress in period costume, knights battle, and craftspeople demonstrate ancient trades during this lively festival.
Operetta Festival
At this musical celebration, orchestras perform crowd-pleasing Viennese operettas in the idyllic courtyard of Kaunas Castle each July. It’s a beloved tradition for locals and visitors alike.
Kaunas Biennial
Contemporary artists get their chance to shine during this dynamic two-month arts festival held in odd-numbered years. Exhibits, installations, and events energize galleries and public spaces.
Day trip ideas
Trakai Island Castle
Just a quick drive from Kaunas awaits this fairy-tale red brick castle perched dramatically on an island in Lake Galvė. Now a museum, Trakai was the former capital of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania in the 14th and 15th centuries.
Ninth Fort
Located north of Kaunas, this somber museum documents the horrors faced by prisoners during Nazi occupation, including area Jewish citizens and others. Guided tours share details about the site’s difficult World War II history.
Rumsiskes Open Air Museum
Travel back in time at this living history museum that recreates traditional Lithuanian villages through preserved wooden structures and farmsteads. Folk crafts, cuisine and seasonal celebrations transport visitors to the past.
Where to stay
Kaunas offers many convenient and affordable lodging options. For proximity to Old Town attractions, look for accommodation in the city center along Laisvės Alėja or in the New Town. Boutique hotels, mid-range chains, and budget hostels are plentiful. Alternatively, opt for a peaceful bed and breakfast along the riverside or a quiet apartment rental in pretty Žaliakalnis.
Getting around
Public minibuses and trolleybuses make navigating Kaunas easy, or ride Kauno Metro to reach key destinations. Taxis are also inexpensive if needed. The flat city layout and pedestrian-friendly Old Town area further enable walking between the central sights. Rent a bike or e-scooter to cover ground quickly like the locals.
Conclusion
With its perfect combination of medieval charm, cultural depth, urban energy, and natural beauty, Kaunas offers a romantic, off-the-beaten path European experience. Beyond its historic landmarks, the city rewards visitors with modern art, music, cafes, and street life in an affordably priced package. For an authentic taste of Lithuania’s history and culture minus the crowds, there is no better place to visit than Kaunas. Let this captivating city surprise you and uncover its rich identity as the contemporary capital of culture. The time to explore Kaunas, Lithuania’s hidden gem, is now!
FAQs about Visiting Kaunas
What is the best time of year to visit Kaunas?
Late spring through early autumn provides ideal weather to explore Kaunas’ walking trails, beer gardens, and outdoor festivals. September is especially pleasant with fewer crowds.
What traditional Lithuanian dishes should I try in Kaunas?
Don’t leave without sampling cepelinai (potato-stuffed dumplings), šaltibarščiai (cold beet soup), and šakotis (tree cake). Wash it down with a local beer like Švyturys.
How easy is it to get to Kaunas?
Kaunas International Airport has budget connections across Europe. Alternatively, direct buses reach Kaunas from Vilnius or Riga in just a few hours. Trains also link to major hubs like Warsaw.
Is Kaunas pedestrian friendly?
Yes! Most key sights are concentrated in the walkable Old Town area. Sidewalks and pedestrian paths along the river also make exploring by foot easy.
What is the public transportation system like in Kaunas?
An extensive network of buses, trolleybuses, and the Kauno Metro makes it simple to navigate Kaunas without a car. Purchase tickets at kiosks before boarding.