Table of Contents
Introduction
Finland is a Nordic country well-known for its pristine natural beauty, from thousands of crystal clear lakes to dense forests teeming with wildlife. With nearly 188,000 lakes, Finland fittingly earns its nickname “Land of a Thousand Lakes.” Beyond the lakes, the country features vibrant big cities like Helsinki, charming small towns, and remote Arctic landscapes waiting to be explored. This article will highlight Finland’s breathtaking natural wonders and provide tips for traveling through this scenic country.
About Finland
To understand Finland’s awe-inspiring nature, it helps to first learn about the country’s geography, climate, history and culture.
Geography
Finland covers over 130,000 square miles, making it the seventh largest country in Europe. Despite its size, it has a relatively small population of just 5.5 million people. The landscape consists of low-lying plains in the west and south, while the north and east contain rolling hills blanketed in dense forests. The country has an abundance of pristine lakes, as well as many islands along the coastline. Finland shares land borders with Sweden, Norway and Russia.
Climate
Due to its northern location, Finland experiences subarctic and continental climates. This brings warm summers and freezing winters, with average highs of 70°F in July and average lows below 0°F in January. Precipitation is moderate year-round. The northern Lapland region has a subarctic climate with colder temperatures and greater snowfall.
History
Finland has been inhabited since the end of the last ice age around 9000 BC. It was later contested by Sweden and Russia, spending centuries under both kingdoms’ rule. Finland declared independence in 1917 after the Russian revolution, sparking a civil war. The country has maintained democracy and a market economy since World War II ended. It joined the EU in 1995 but is not part of NATO.
Culture
Finnish culture celebrates nature, arts, innovation and equality. Finns enjoy spending time outdoors and have a strong connection to nature. They value honesty, humility, perseverance and responsibility. Popular sports include ice hockey, skiing, sailing and motorsports. Finland is also known for design, heavy metal music, and savory food like reindeer and salmon.
Exploring Finland’s Natural Wonders
Now that you know a bit about Finland, let’s look at the breathtaking natural features that make it such a fantastic travel destination.
Lakes
As the Land of a Thousand Lakes, Finland’s incredible lacustrine landscapes are a top attraction. There are 187,888 lakes dotted throughout the forests and rolling hills. The largest is Lake Saimaa, covering over 1,500 square miles in southeastern Finland. Most lakes were carved out by glaciers during the last ice age. They feature pristine turquoise waters ideal for boating, fishing, and swimming during the warm summer months. Northern lakes may remain frozen into spring.
Forests
Over 70% of Finland is forested, primarily with Scotch pines, Norway spruces, birches and aspen trees. The dense taiga forests provide homes for wildlife and forage like berries for humans. Finland’s vast woodlands offer outstanding hiking trails that immerse you in nature. Popular national parks like Nuuksio and Helvetinjärvi showcase the beauty of Finland’s forests.
Wildlife
Finland’s varied habitats give refuge to an array of wildlife. Large land mammals include elk, reindeer, brown bears, wolves, lynx and wolverines. Birdwatchers can spot over 300 species including grouse, owls and songbirds. Fish like salmon and trout thrive in the unpolluted lakes and rivers. With luck, visitors may glimpse wildlife like hares, beavers, otters and seals. Endangered species include the Saimaa ringed seal and whooper swan.
Four Seasons
Each season reveals a new side of Finland’s nature.
Winter
The Scandinavian winter offers a magical wonderland, with Lapland transforming into a snowy Arctic playground. Visitors can spot the magical Aurora Borealis lighting up the night skies, go sledding with reindeer or huskies, snowshoe across white forests, or relax in a cozy glass igloo.
Spring
In spring, Finland comes alive after the winter thaw. Migratory birds return while wildflowers like hepatica bloom across the landscape. The long days bring more sunlight and warmer weather. Spring is a great season for hiking and boating before peak summer crowds arrive.
Summer
Summer brings Finns outdoors to soak up the long sunny days. Visitors take to the lakes for endless boating, swimming, fishing and watersports. The forests come alive with wildlife and edible berries. Popular summer activities include hiking, cycling, foraging, camping, music festivals and exploring the city street fairs.
Fall
Fall brings a spectacular display of autumn foliage, namely glowing yellow birches contrasting against the dark conifers. Mushroom hunting season arrives after the first frosts. The cool crisp weather is ideal for long scenic walks and wildlife viewing. Fewer crowds and lower prices also make fall a great time to visit.
Top Destinations
Let’s explore some of the top spots to visit for an authentic Finnish nature experience:
Northern Lights
This colorful astronomical phenomenon is a bucket list experience for many travelers. These dancing lights are best viewed above the Arctic Circle during Finland’s dark winters. Lapland offers prime viewing, especially around Saariselkä. See this magical sight by going on a guided Aurora tour, venturing on a sleigh ride, or gazing upward from a glass igloo.
Helsinki
As Finland’s cosmopolitan capital, Helsinki combines urban experiences with close connections to nature. Visitors can explore pristine islands and forests via ferry rides from the city center. Top green spaces include the Central Park, Kaivopuisto Park and Nuuksio National Park. Those looking for culture can visit landmarks like Helsinki Cathedral and the Design Museum.
Lapland
The northernmost region of Lapland seems like an Arctic wonderland straight out of a fairy tale. In winter, Rovaniemi and other towns become a snowy playground full of reindeer sleigh rides, dog sledding, and cozy log cabins. Come summer, Lapland’s national parks open up for hiking past roaring rivers and spectacular fells. Unique nature activities include gold panning, Sami cultural tours, and swimming in ice-cold springs.
Archipelago
Along Finland’s southwestern coast, the archipelago has over 40,000 islands to explore. Visitors can ferry between islands and unwind surrounded by peaceful forests and calm turquoise waters. Top spots to enjoy the natural splendor include Åland Islands, Utö Island, and Korpo Island with its Rödjan nature trail. Visitors can try sea kayaking, sailing, fishing, hiking and spotting seals.
National Parks
Finland has 40 national parks that protect the country’s diverse landscapes. Lemmenjoki has gold rivers winding through the tundra. Koli’s scenic hills overlook Lake Pielinen. Pallas-Yllästunturi has epic hiking trails and fells. Pyhätunturi is perfect for cross-country skiing. Trekkers also love Salamajärvi, Oulanka and Patvinsuo parks. Visit in summer to hike and see wildlife or winter to ski and snowshoe.
Outdoor Activities
With so much unspoiled nature, Finland offers countless ways to get active outdoors.
Hiking
Hitting the trails is arguably the best way to explore Finland’s natural beauty. There are endless hiking options from easy nature walks to multi-day treks across rugged terrain. Some highlights are the Karhunkierros trail in Oulanka Park and the epic 80 km Kalottireitti around Pallas-Yllästunturi. Hikers can traverse old-growth forests, spot endemic wildlife, and enjoy scenic vistas.
Kayaking and Canoeing
Paddling provides the perfect perspective of Finland’s lakes and rivers. Rent a kayak or canoe to explore the Lakeland waterways at your own pace, stopping to swim, fish, or camp along the shores. Popular areas to paddle are Lohja Lake, Päijänne National Park, and the Lappea waterway. Groups can try exciting whitewater rafting on the Kymijoki or Ivalojoki Rivers.
Wildlife Viewing
Finland gives nature lovers ample chances to view diverse Arctic and northern species in their natural habitat. Head to the wetlands around Liminka Bay or Bothnian Bay National Park to spot migrating birds. Lemmenjoki National Park is home to wild reindeer, wolverines and golden eagles. Naumann’s thrushes can be seen in Salla during summer. With luck, visitors may glimpse brown bears, Arctic foxes, lynx, beavers and more.
Skiing
When the snow falls, Finland transforms into a winter wonderland perfect for hitting the slopes. Downhill resorts like Ylläs, Ruka and Levi offer Alpine skiing and snowboarding with runs ranging from beginner to advanced. For cross-country skiing, head to national parks like Pallas-Yllästunturi, Urho Kekkonen and Pyhä-Luosto. Other snow sports include sledding, snowshoeing and ice climbing.
Northern Lights Viewing
One of the most magical experiences is watching the Aurora Borealis shimmer overhead. Northern Finland near Rovaniemi or the Norway border offer prime Aurora sightings from late August through March. For the best experience, join a guided nighttime tour that takes you away from light pollution. After viewing, relax beside a cozy fire and recount the dazzling lights.
Travel Tips
If Finland’s natural splendor has you ready to book a trip, following these tips will help you make the most of your time:
Best Time to Visit
Summer (June to August) brings warm weather perfect for hiking and lake activities. November to March is ideal for snow sports and seeing the Northern Lights. May/June and September/October offer fewer crowds and lower prices.
Getting Around
Fly into Helsinki then take the train or drive to other regions. Rent a car for flexibility or use buses and ferries between smaller towns. Domestic flights serve northern cities like Rovaniemi and Oulu.
Where to Stay
Choose from hotels in major cities, wilderness cabins, campgrounds, guesthouses and rural B&Bs. Book well in advance during the peak summer season. Consider a glass igloo in Lapland for Northern Lights viewing.
What to Pack
Bring waterproof hiking boots, mosquito repellent, bathing suits, binoculars, warm layers and a high-quality camera to capture Finland’s beauty. Dress in layers year-round.
Conclusion
Summary
With pristine forests, crystalline lakes and Arctic landscapes, Finland promises an unforgettable outdoor adventure. Visitors can hike through national parks, view wildlife, paddle the Lakeland waterways, and ski or snowshoe under the glow of the Northern Lights. The four distinct seasons each unveil new natural wonders across this unspoiled Nordic land. By following the travel tips and visiting the top nature destinations highlighted in this article, you are sure to have an amazing experience exploring Finland’s natural beauty.
Inspiring Quote
“Silence itself is the language of Finnish nature.” – Alexis Kouros
FAQs
What are the best places to see wildlife in Finland?
Some top spots for wildlife viewing are Lemmenjoki National Park, Bothnian Bay National Park, and the wetlands around Liminka Bay. Visitors may spot reindeer, migratory birds, brown bears, lynx, Arctic foxes, beavers, wolverines and more across Finland.
When is the best time to see the Northern Lights in Finland?
The Northern Lights are visible from late August through March in Finland’s Lapland region near Rovaniemi and the northern Norway border. November to February tend to have the strongest Aurora activity.
What should I pack for a summer hiking trip in Finland?
Pack lightweight hiking clothes, waterproof boots, mosquito repellent, swimwear, binoculars for wildlife viewing, a water bottle, first aid kit, flashlight, travel towel, and a camera to capture the beautiful scenery. Dress in layers and bring a jacket.
What are the top water activities in Finland?
Top water activities include kayaking, canoeing or stand-up paddleboarding on the Lakeland lakes and rivers. Visitors can also go boating, fishing, whitewater rafting, sailing, or swimming in Finland’s pristine waters. Southern islands offer great spots for sea kayaking.
Is it safe to camp in Finland’s wilderness?
Yes, camping is very popular and generally safe in Finland. Use designated campsites when possible or ask permission if camping on private land. Follow bear safety precautions like hanging food away from tents if camping outside parks. Always tell someone your itinerary.