Table of Contents
Introduction
Nestled between Switzerland and Austria, the tiny European principality of Liechtenstein packs a big punch when it comes to fairytale castles and breathtaking alpine scenery. Measuring just 62 square miles, Liechtenstein is one of the world’s smallest countries, but it holds over 75 castles and ruins within its borders. Liechtenstein’s storied history and soaring mountain landscapes make it a must-see destination for castle lovers and outdoor enthusiasts alike.
In this article, we will explore some of Liechtenstein’s most famous castles and ruins along with tips for experiencing the country’s majestic natural beauty through activities like hiking, biking, and skiing. From the gothic spires of Vaduz Castle to the romantic ruins perched high in the Alps, read on to learn why Liechtenstein is a real-life fairy tale waiting to be explored.
Liechtenstein’s Majestic Mountain Landscapes
Liechtenstein is completely landlocked within the central European Alps, making for dramatic scenery of steep mountains, green valleys, and cascading waterfalls. Much of the countryside is carpeted by dense forest, interspersed with rolling meadows grazed by cows and sheep. Two mountain ranges bisect the country: the Rätikon in the west and the Samina in the east. The highest mountain is Grauspitz, soaring to 8,527 feet on the Austrian border.
The Alps
The towering peaks of the Alps dominate Liechtenstein’s landscape. Alpine hiking is extremely popular in summer, when wildflowers like edelweiss blanket the mountainsides. Well-maintained trails range from easy walks to multi-day hut-to-hut treks. Experienced mountaineers can summit peaks like the Schesaplana or tackle sections of the famous Via Alpina trail. From the top, panoramic views reveal Switzerland’s mountain ranges to the west and Austria’s to the east.
Hiking Trails
With over 200 miles of hiking trails traversing breathtaking mountain vistas, Liechtenstein is a hiker’s paradise. The Fürstensteig is one of the country’s most iconic trails, a ridgetop path connecting Vaduz to the Austrian border. Other popular routes include the Schesaplana Circuit around one of Liechtenstein’s highest mountains and the Fürstensteig Winter Trail. Marked trails make hiking accessible for beginners and families. For an extra thrill, hikers can clip onto lines and traverse steep gorges on epic via ferrata routes.
Skiing
When winter blankets the mountains in snow, Liechtenstein transforms into a winter wonderland perfect for hitting the slopes. Family-friendly ski resorts like Malbun offer 23 miles of groomed runs ranging from gentle to expert level. Backcountry skiers and snowboarders can find fresh powder in the backcountry or at Steg’s freeride arena. Liechtenstein’s small size means you’re always just a short drive away from the lifts. Apres-ski venues in mountain huts or at the base allow skiers to unwind after an exhilarating day on the mountains.
Vaduz Castle
Sitting regally on a hill overlooking Vaduz, the capital city, Vaduz Castle is the most famous and instantly recognizable castle in Liechtenstein. Serving as the residence of Liechtenstein’s royal family, the imposing medieval castle looks like something straight out of a storybook.
History
The hilltop site of Vaduz Castle was originally occupied around the 12th or 13th century by a simple wooden fortress owned by the Counts of Werdenberg-Sargans. The castle was expanded over centuries by noble families like the Counts of Hohenems. In 1712, Prince Johann Adam Andreas of Liechtenstein acquired Vaduz Castle and began a major renovation. It has remained the princes’ official residence ever since. Today, Prince Hans-Adam II lives in the castle.
Architecture
Despite its medieval origins, Vaduz Castle’s current Gothic Revival design dates largely to the late 19th century renovations commissioned by Prince Johann II. The symmetrical facade and towering rectangular keep give it a formidable yet elegant appearance. The castle also houses a collection of artworks and 17th century furniture. The castle grounds are open to visitors, but the interior can only be visited on organized tours.
Tours
Guided tours allow visitors a glimpse inside Vaduz Castle, but they must be scheduled well in advance. Tours are offered only during the summer months while the prince is not in residence. Highlights include the ornate Knights’ Hall, the Glass Hall with Gobelin tapestries, and the prince’s study featuring family portraits. The tour concludes with a walk through the castle’s manicured courtyard and gardens. For security, no photography is allowed inside.
Gutenberg Castle
Set high on a clifftop overlooking Balzers and the Rhine valley, the imposing medieval Gutenberg Castle looks like it’s been pulled from the pages of a fairy tale book. Today, its historic halls contain a modern art museum.
History
Gutenberg Castle was constructed around the 11th century as part of a line of fortifications along the Rhine. Over the centuries, various aristocratic families owned the castle before it was acquired by the Counts of Sulz in the 15th century. It remained in their powerful family for over 300 years. After changing hands numerous times, the property was purchased and restored by the Hilti Family who established a modern art museum on the grounds.
Architecture
Perched atop a rocky bluff, Gutenberg Castle is striking example of medieval fortress architecture. Its four corner towers, central inner courtyard, high curtain walls, and deep dry moat evoke an impenetrable stronghold. Inside, the original spaces contain Gothic cross rib vaulting. The entrance is accessed by a modern footbridge over a dizzying gorge – looking down at the sheer cliff faces certainly inspires a sense of wonder.
Tours
Gutenberg Castle’s interior now houses various modern art galleries that can be explored on a self-guided tour. Exhibits rotate periodically and highlight Liechtenstein’s prominence as a destination for contemporary art. The castle grounds contain additional sculptures nestled into the landscape. Guided tours of the castle’s exterior and immediate surroundings are offered on weekends. Strolling the ramparts provides panoramic views over the Rhine valley and surrounding countryside.
Balzers Castle
Sitting at the heart Balzers village, Balzers Castle is one of the oldest fortifications in Liechtenstein. For centuries, the formidable medieval fortress stood guard over the valley below. Today, the romantic ruins invite exploration.
History
Balzers Castle was first constructed around 1200 by the Counts of Saalfeld to monitor traffic and collect tolls along the trade route through the Rhine valley. In the coming centuries, the castle changed hands many times, belonging to various noble families and serving a variety of strategic purposes. It ultimately fell into ruin in the 17th century before the ruins were made safe and accessible to visitors.
Architecture
The surviving ruins of Balzers Castle allow visitors to imagine how imposing the fortress once stood, occupying a strategic location on a small promontory. The main tower gives a sense of the original height of its walls and breadth of its chambers. Stone arches, passages, and staircases transport visitors back in time. Interpretive signs point out architectural details and highlight life during medieval times.
Tours
As Balzers Castle is now an open ruin, visitors can explore independently or participate in guided tours. Climbing the winding stone staircase to the top of the tower rewards you with panoramic views over the town and surrounding Rhine valley. Tours provide additional context about the castle’s rooms and construction. The ruins are picturesquely illuminated at night, providing the perfect backdrop for attending concerts, theater, and craft markets during Balzers’ summertime cultural festival.
Triesenberg Castle
Rising from a rocky crag above Triesenberg, this breathtaking mountaintop castle offers panoramic Alpine views fit for royalty. The medieval fortress has watched over the town since the 13th century.
History
The commanding clifftop site was first used around 1200 when the Lords of Triesenberg constructed a simple wooden fort. Over the next centuries, the families of Bennauer, Brandis, and finally the Counts of Sulz invested in successively grander castles. The Sulz family transformed the castle into a Renaissance palace before a fire required extensive renovations in the 17th century. Today, the town of Triesenberg owns the property.
Architecture
Approaching Triesenberg Castle via the steep trail rewards you with jaw-dropping views of its cliffside location. The structure features imposing medieval towers and walls adorned with delicate Renaissance era frescoes. Inside, the castle boasts grand halls, ornate fireplaces, and a historic armory featuring displays of armor and weaponry. The clifftop grounds provide a vertigo-inducing perch for admiring the surrounding Alpine panorama.
Tours
Triesenberg Castle can only be visited on guided tours, offered daily during summer. Highlights include the Knights’ Hall with its impressive timber ceiling, the Baroque era wall frescoes, and the open-air balcony towering above the valley. After exploring the interior, tours conclude with a walk through the castle’s ramparts and grounds. Hikers can also follow the steep trail up to Triesenberg Castle from the town below to marvel at its dramatic setting.
Schellenberg Castle
Rising dramatically on a rocky crag above the valley town of Schellenberg, this picturesque medieval castle retains its historic character while now serving as a youth hostel. Hikers are rewarded with stunning views approaching the fortress.
History
The strategic clifftop site was likely occupied by a simple wooden fortification as early as 1200. Over the next centuries, successive noble families constructed increasingly formidable castles to command the frontier. Records show the Lords of Schellenberg sold the castle to the Counts of Vaduz in 1394. It changed hands several times before falling into ruin in the 17th century. In 1824, an inn opened on the property which still welcomes guests today.
Architecture
The rugged cliffside location provides Schellenberg Castle’s natural defensive structure with dizzying views over sheer vertical drops. Walking across two wooden drawbridges adds an adventurous feel. The towering stone walls, arched windows, crenellations, turrets, and courtyard transport you back to medieval times. Inside, wooden beams, tiled stoves, and simple rustic furnishings evoke the castle’s long history as an inn.
Tours
As Schellenberg Castle now operates as a quaint hostel and restaurant, visitors don’t need a formal tour to soak in the ambiance. Guests can reserve a room in the historic property, dine at the restaurant, or stop by the cafe for coffee or cake with a side of sweeping Alpine views. However, guided tours of the castle and grounds can provide insight into its architecture and strategic importance commanding the frontier. It’s the perfect place to feel like you’ve stepped into a real-life fairy tale.
Smaller Castles and Ruins
Beyond its most famous castles, Liechtenstein is dotted with smaller fortifications and ruins perched in picturesque locations. Though lesser known, these structures provide windows into the strategic importance and architectural styles of centuries past. They are rewarding to encounter on hikes.
Highlights include Gafadura Castle, a 13th century watchtower clinging dramatically to a cliffside, Traispruch Castle’s photogenic ruins, and the ruined stronghold of Wartau Castle overlooking Maienfeld. Tiny Sargans Castle holds a restaurant with heavenly views. Schalun Castle near Vaduz can only be viewed from a distance, but Faludin Island Castle can be visited by boat. Guests at Hotel Schaanwald can even stay overnight in their own medieval-style turret.
Outdoor Activities
Beyond wandering a fairytale castle, Liechtenstein’s alpine landscapes offer boundless opportunities for outdoor recreation. Hiking, biking, rafting, and skiing all allow you to soak in the country’s natural beauty and mountain vistas.
Hiking
With over 200 miles of hiking trails scaling breathtaking Alpine scenery, hiking is undoubtedly one of the best ways to experience Liechtenstein’s landscapes. Well-marked routes cater to all levels, from gentle valley walks to challenging summits. Multi-day treks like the iconic Fürstensteig hike the length of the country. Be sure to hike up to a castle viewpoint!
Cycling
Pedaling through Liechtenstein’s countryside offers a more leisurely perspective on landscapes. Biking paths like the Panoramaweg and Rhine Cycle Route take advantage of scenic valleys. Mountain bikes can tackle steeper terrain. E-bikes make the climbs more accessible. Stop at fruit stands and restaurants along the way.
Skiing
When the mountains fill with snow, downhill and cross-country skiing opportunities abound. Family-friendly resorts like Malbun offer groomed runs for all abilities. Backcountry skiing accesses pristine powder. Night skiing on Wednesdays illuminates the pistes. Après-ski huts allow skiers to warm up after an active day outdoors.
River Rafting
River rafting along the Rhine provides an adrenaline rush amid Liechtenstein’s valleys. Guided tours range from family-friendly floats to exhilarating whitewater excursions. It’s the perfect way to keep cool on a hot summer day and admire the riverside scenery. Tours can be booked in nearby Switzerland.
Travel Tips
Though small in size, Liechtenstein offers countless ways to immerse yourself in majestic alpine scenery and historic castles. Use these tips to plan your fairy tale visit.
Getting There
Liechtenstein has no airport, but it can be easily accessed via Switzerland. Zurich Airport is only about an hour drive away. You can also take the train to towns like Buchs and Sargans then catch the bus into Liechtenstein. Consider renting a car for flexibility exploring the rural landscape.
Getting Around
Buses connect all the towns, but service is limited so a car allows more freedom. Excellent roads and sparse traffic make driving pleasant. Biking, hiking, and historical walks are great for close-up views of the scenery. Rental cars, bikes, and electric bikes are available in Vaduz.
Where to Stay
Charming small hotels and mountain lodges provide authenticity. Highlights include boutique hotels in Vaduz, guesthouses on Alpine farms, the youth hostel at Schellenberg Castle, and mountain lodges after hiking. Camping and private holiday flats are budget-friendly. Book early during peak summer season.
Food
Dining highlights the fresh local ingredients of cheeses, fruits, vegetables, and wines. Try raclette, spätzle, rösti, truffles, and strudel. Fine dining exists in Vaduz, but restaurants are limited elsewhere, so reserve ahead. For value, opt for mountain huts while hiking, cafes, and grocery stores.
Conclusion
In the fairy tale country of Liechtenstein, a magical realm of soaring castles and mountains awaits. Wandering the ramparts of Vaduz Castle before hiking into the Alps makes you feel like you’ve stepped inside a storybook or back in time. Outdoor thrills from biking to river rafting embrace the landscape’s beauty. While small in size, Liechtenstein’s outsized natural wonders and rich history provide the ingredients for an unforgettable alpine getaway. Let your own Liechtenstein adventure unfold – happily ever after is guaranteed.
FAQs
How many castles are there in Liechtenstein?
There are over 75 castles and ruins spread across Liechtenstein’s small 62 square mile area, giving it more castles per square mile than anywhere else in Europe.
Can you visit the inside of Vaduz Castle?
Yes, the interior of Vaduz Castle can be visited on guided tours offered during the summer months when the prince is not in residence. Tours must be booked well in advance and allow you to see staterooms and art. No photography is allowed inside.
What is the most famous castle in Liechtenstein?
Vaduz Castle is the most famous and recognizable castle in Liechtenstein. Perched overlooking the capital Vaduz where the prince resides, its elegant Gothic Revival facade and hilltop profile dominate the skyline.
What outdoor activities can you do in Liechtenstein?
With its incredible Alpine scenery, Liechtenstein offers hiking, biking, river rafting, camping, skiing and snowboarding. Some of the best hikes include the Fürstensteig and trails to the summits. Mountain biking and e-bikes are very popular.
How do you get to Liechtenstein from Switzerland or Austria?
Liechtenstein is nestled between Switzerland and Austria but has no airport. You can take the train to the Swiss border towns of Buchs or Sargans then transfer to the Liechtenstein bus. Renting a car provides the most flexibility for exploring the small country.