Table of Contents
Introduction
Nestled on the shores of the Baltic Sea, Estonia is a small but mighty country full of surprises. Though it is one of Europe’s lesser-known destinations, this northern European nation offers visitors a treasure trove of unique sights, experiences, and hidden gems waiting to be uncovered. From preserved medieval towns to remote islands to expansive national parks, Estonia is a fascinating blend of natural beauty, rich history, and vibrant modern culture. Whether you are looking for outdoor adventures, postmodern city vibes or a glimpse into Estonia’s past, you are sure to be charmed by the many wonders this Baltic nation has to offer.
Tallinn Old Town
No trip to Estonia is complete without a visit to the magnificently preserved medieval center of its capital city, Tallinn. Sitting atop a hill overlooking the sea, Tallinn’s old town transports visitors back in time with its cobblestone streets, gothic architecture, and ancient city walls and watchtowers. The old town is best explored on foot, wandering through narrow alleys lined with restaurants, boutiques and galleries.
The undisputed heart of the old town is Town Hall Square, home to the historic Town Hall building as well as atmospheric cafés perfect for people watching. Visitors can climb the Town Hall’s viewing tower for stunning 360° views over the red-roofed city below. The imposing white-and-gold Alexander Nevsky Cathedral dominates Lossi Plats, while the gothic St. Olaf’s Church boasts a soaring tower that was once used as a maritime navigation point. Beyond the square, the twisting streets lead to hidden courtyard restaurants, artisan workshops, and 14th-century merchant’s homes that offer an intimate glimpse into Tallinn’s medieval past.
Lahemaa National Park
Stretching across 725 square kilometers along Estonia’s northern coast, Lahemaa National Park offers nature lovers a spectacular mix of forested wilderness, coastal landscapes and quaint rural villages. The park is home to a wide diversity of Estonian flora and fauna, with nearly 900 plant species recorded. Visitors can embark on scenic nature hikes through pine forests and across bogs on specially prepared trails.
One of Lahemaa’s most picturesque villages is Altja, an old fishing settlement made up of traditional thatched roof cottages set on the coast of the Bay of Finland. Wandering through Altja feels like stepping back in time, with restored taverns, craft workshops and homes that give a taste of 19th century Estonian village life. The magical Viru Bog walking trail passes through unique raised and floating bogs, showcasing the fascinating biodiversity of these wetland ecosystems. History buffs will also appreciate the beautifully preserved 18th century manor houses scattered throughout the park.
Saaremaa Island
As Estonia’s largest island, Saaremaa is a popular summertime retreat thanks to its long coastlines, rural villages and relaxed pace of life. Connected to mainland Estonia by ferry, Saaremaa rewards active travelers with miles of hiking and biking trails winding through forests and along the sea. The island is also dotted with over 200 unique Kaali meteorite craters formed thousands of years ago when meteorites slammed into the Earth here. The largest crater is now a scenic 9-meter deep lake surrounded by trails.
No visit to Saaremaa is complete without exploring Kuressaare Castle, a majestic medieval citadel on the coast considered one of the best preserved in the Baltics. Visitors can tour the castle’s defensive towers, castle church, chambers and earthen battlements for an immersive experience. Also worth a stop is the historical Kaali Meteorite Museum detailing the geological significance of the craters on the island.
Tartu
Nicknamed “the Athens of the Baltics”, Tartu is Estonia’s second largest city and home to the country’s most prestigious university. Set on the banks of the Emajogi River, Tartu has a vibrant student culture and lively arts scene alongside a beautifully preserved old town. The historic Town Hall Square is lined with pastel-colored 18th century buildings and open air cafés, while the Gothic University of Tartu is one of the oldest universities in Northern Europe.
History buffs will love exploring the 14th century Toomemägi Cathedral, old fortification ruins, and the Estonian National Museum to learn about the country’s folk history and artifacts. Tartu is also the perfect base to explore Southern Estonia’s rolling hills, forests and lakes.
Pärnu
Known as Estonia’s summer capital for its sun-soaked beaches and buzzing seaside resorts, the coastal town of Pärnu offers the perfect mix of recreation and charm. Pärnu’s pristine sandy beach stretches on for nearly 5 miles, drawing swimmers, sunbathers and kite-surfers during the warmer months. Beyond the sand, the riverfront promenade is lined with outdoor cafés, boutiques and gardens.
Some of Pärnu’s top attractions include the Pärnu Museum housed in an 18th century mansion, showcasing the town’s history from medieval times onward. The EKM Museum of New Art offers a bold, contemporary art collection in a striking seaside building. And foodies flock to Pärnu’s many beachfront restaurants and cafés serving fresh seasonal fare. With its relaxing pace and picturesque setting, Pärnu is perfect for recharging.
Estonian Open Air Museum
Located just outside Tallinn, this fascinating open air museum provides invaluable insight into traditional Estonian culture and architecture. Spread across 72 hectares, it recreates the look and feel of rural villages and farms from across the country’s regions. Wandering through the wooden buildings and structures gives visitors a vivid picture of what life was like in previous centuries for everyday Estonians.
Highlights include the 18th century Kolu Inn, historic Churches dating back to the 1600s, thatched coastal fishing huts, traditional wooden windmills, schoolhouses and more. Costumed interpreters add to the immersive experience. The museum also showcases local crafts, cooking techniques and hosts seasonal fairs and festivals that are fun for the whole family.
Estonian Food
From savory comfort foods to seasonal produce, Estonia’s culinary scene reflects its geography at the crossroads of Scandinavia, Russia and Europe. Rye bread is a staple, used to make popular open-faced sandwiches. No Estonian meal is complete without rich, dark rye bread like leivas or rukkileib. Herring also appears on many menus, prepared smoked, salted, fried and every way in between. Other specialties include verivorst, or black pudding blood sausage, mulgikapsad, sauerkraut with meat and potatoes, and kohupiimakook, cheesecake.
In summer, delicious seasonal produce like tart red currants, sweet strawberries, knobby potatoes and creamy dill feature in dishes. Estonia is also one of the world’s most northerly wine producing regions, with grape vines cultivated on the Baltic Sea island of Saaremaa. Locally produced beer, vodka and other spirits help warm you on cold Estonian nights too!
Song and Dance Festival
Estonia has one of the richest traditional music cultures in Europe. This cherished heritage comes together in a grand display every five years at the Estonian Song and Dance Celebration, held in Tallinn. The festival is a celebration of Estonian culture, language, and creativity, with choirs, dance troupes and musicians performing for tens of thousands in the open air Song Festival Grounds over multiple days.
The tradition started in the late 1800s when Estonians sought to preserve their identity under Russian rule. The moving choral songs are often based on traditional folk songs and poetry. All generations come together – from small children to the elderly – to perform in native folk dress. Attending the Song Festival is a magical way to experience Estonian culture and community.
Conclusion
With its unspoiled nature, evocative history and lively cities, Estonia offers an exciting getaway for culture lovers, nature enthusiasts and anyone seeking the road less travelled in Northern Europe. Around every corner are opportunities to unveil new sides of Estonia, from sampling traditional foods to exploring fairy-tale old towns and centuries-old sights. Venture off the beaten path, stay flexible, and let Estonia’s many charms reveal themselves. The hidden gems of the Baltic await.
FAQ
What is the best way to get around Estonia?
The cities are very walkable, and between cities buses and trains are generally the most convenient options. Having a rental car allows you to explore rural areas and nature sites at your own pace.
What is the weather like in Estonia?
As a northern European country, Estonia sees four distinct seasons. Summers are mild with temperatures in the 60s and low 70s. Winters are cold and snowy. The wettest time is late summer into fall.
How long do I need to visit Estonia?
At minimum, plan on spending 3-5 days to see some highlights in Tallinn plus another major city like Tartu or Pärnu. 1-2 weeks allows you to see more of the country at a comfortable pace.
What is Estonian cuisine like?
Estonian food makes ample use of local ingredients like meat, potatoes, forest berries, fish, and dairy. Try staples like black rye bread, blood sausage, smoked fish, potato dishes, and washed rye sour.
What are the best cultural experiences in Estonia?
Attending the Song and Dance Festival which takes place every 5 years, exploring museums to learn about Estonia’s history and folk culture, wandering through medieval old towns, and sampling authentic cuisine and beer from small local producers.