Table of Contents
Introduction
Nestled in Central Asia, Turkmenistan remains one of the world’s most mysterious and least visited countries. With deserts covering 80% of its land, many bypass Turkmenistan for more popular destinations. However, behind its seemingly barren landscape lies natural wonders, ancient ruins, and modern marvels waiting to be uncovered. This article highlights five hidden gems in Turkmenistan that will convince you to add it to your bucket list.
Overview of Turkmenistan
Turkmenistan gained independence in 1991 after the dissolution of the Soviet Union. It borders Iran, Afghanistan, Uzbekistan, and Kazakhstan. The country is largely covered by the Karakum desert, giving it an arid climate. Turkmenistan is rich in natural gas reserves, which drive much of its economy.
While tourism remains limited, the Turkmen government has invested in projects to attract more visitors. In 2011, Turkmenistan opened a $2.3 billion airport shaped like a falcon in the capital Ashgabat. The city itself resembles a mirage rising from the desert, with over 400 white marble buildings. This unusual landscape provides a glimpse into the country’s push for modernization.
Hidden Gems of Turkmenistan
Darvaza Gas Crater
The Darvaza Gas Crater in the Karakum Desert burns brightly as one of the country’s most iconic sights. In 1971, Soviet engineers intentionally set the crater on fire to prevent the spread of methane gas. Locally dubbed “The Gates of Hell,” the crater has burned continuously for over 50 years.
The surreal scene attracts adventure seekers who camp nearby. Visiting the crater at night offers the most stunning views, as hot flames contrast against total darkness. Remember to bundle up, as desert temperatures can drop rapidly at night. Gazing into the Darvaza Gas Crater is an unforgettable way to experience the magic of the desert.
Kow Ata Underground Lake
In the Kopet Dag mountains near the city of Kow Ata lies a fascinating natural wonder – an underground lake nearly 200 feet deep. Visitors descend down a spiral staircase carved into the mountain to reveal stunning turquoise waters.
While underground lakes exist elsewhere, Kow Ata stands out for allowing swimming. Visitors float effortlessly in warm, mineral-rich waters surrounded by dim, cave-like walls. Thermal springs feed the lake, making parts of it resemble a hot tub.
The underground setting offers a peaceful respite from the arid climate above. Exploring this hidden subterranean paradise showcases the diversity of Turkmenistan’s landscapes.
Merv Ancient City
History buffs will be awestruck exploring the ruins of Merv, once one of the world’s largest cities. Located on the famous Silk Road, Merv thrived for over 2,000 years until its destruction by Mongols in 1221. Today, remnants of ancient walls, mosques, houses, and mausoleums transport visitors back in time.
Key highlights include the 12th-century Sultan Sanjar Mausoleum and the iconic Kyz Kala Fortress. Merv provides a glimpse into the many cultures and empires that have shaped Central Asia across centuries. Meandering through history frozen in time offers an experience unmatched by museums.
Konye-Urgench Old Town
The historic old town of Konye-Urgench similarly whisks visitors back to the height of Turkmenistan along the Silk Road. Located close to the Uzbekistan border, Konye-Urgench became the capital of the Khwarezm Empire in the 10th century until its brutal destruction by Genghis Khan.
Impressive monuments still standing include the 60-meter high Kutlug Timur Minaret and the extravagant 14th-century Turabek Khanum Mausoleum. Climbing the minaret rewards you with panoramic views of the surrounding area. For history lovers, Konye-Urgench provides an open-air museum showcasing Turkmenistan’s cultural legacy.
Ashgabat National Museum of History
While ancient sites like Merv and Konye-Urgench offer glimpses of history, Ashgabat’s National Museum provides a complete overview. The museum houses over 150,000 artifacts detailing the country’s evolution from the Bronze Age until independence.
Highlights include a 15th-century Koran, Turkmen carpets, and golden jewelry showcasing skilled craftsmanship. Outside, Independence Park displays a curious mix of Soviet monuments alongside modern fountains and sculptures. Visiting the museum gives context about the kingdoms, cultures, and artistry that have defined Turkmenistan through the centuries.
Tips for Traveling in Turkmenistan
Turkmenistan appeals most to intrepid travelers seeking distinctive destinations beyond typical tourist routes. But flying under the radar poses logistical challenges. Here are tips for navigating your trip:
Best time to visit
Spring and autumn offer ideal temperatures, with highs around 70°F (21°C). Winters get quite cold while summers can be sweltering, especially in the desert.
Getting a visa
All visitors need a tourist visa approved in advance. The process takes time, so apply at least 1-2 months before your planned trip.
Getting around
While Ashgabat has modern amenities, transportation outside the capital may be more challenging. Renting a 4×4 vehicle allows the flexibility to visit remote sights.
Where to stay
Ashgabat has high-end hotels catering to business travelers. Budget hotels are hard to find but do exist. Homestays and guesthouses arranged locally can provide an authentic cultural experience.
Conclusion
Turkmenistan’s remote location and unforgiving landscape long dissuaded tourists from visiting. But behind the desert surface lie ancient cities, bizarre natural wonders, and modern monuments waiting to captivate open-minded travelers. Visiting the Darvaza Gas Crater, Kow Ata Lake, Merv ruins, Konye-Urgench, and the National Museum reveals the rich history and unexpected treasures hidden beneath the sands. With few tourists, you’ll feel like discovering a private paradise. Turkmenistan offers an adventure like nowhere else for those seeking the road less traveled.
Summary of main points
-
Turkmenistan is an under-the-radar Central Asian country with intriguing historical and natural sights.
-
Must-visit places include the Gates of Hell, underground Kow Ata Lake, Merv ancient city, Konye-Urgench old town, and National Museum.
-
While challenging to reach, Turkmenistan offers adventurous travelers unique sights in an untouristy setting.
Call to action
Don’t let Turkmenistan’s isolation deter you from visiting this undiscovered gem. Start planning your Central Asian adventure today and unveil the hidden treasures buried beneath the sands.
5 Unique FAQs about Traveling in Turkmenistan
What should I wear in Turkmenistan?
Modest, conservative clothing covering knees and shoulders is recommended when visiting mosques and other religious sites. Turkmenistan isn’t as strict as some Middle Eastern nations, but dressing respectfully helps avoid offending locals.
What are the best souvenirs to buy in Turkmenistan?
Handwoven wool carpets make great souvenirs, especially since each region has its own distinctive patterns and designs. Antique textiles and embroidered wall hangings also reflect the country’s rich craft heritage.
Can I use credit cards in Turkmenistan?
No, Turkmenistan remains largely a cash-based society. Bring US dollars and exchange them for the local Manat currency. Only some hotels and stores in Ashgabat accept credit cards. Outside the capital, carry cash.
Is Turkmenistan safe for tourists?
On the whole, Turkmenistan is quite safe, especially in Ashgabat. Violent crime against tourists is very rare. However, use common sense precautions as petty theft exists. Avoid political protests and registrations. Hiring a local guide enhances both safety and navigating language barriers.
How much does a trip to Turkmenistan cost?
Expect to budget around $100-$150 per day, excluding airfare. Accommodation, domestic flights, car rentals, and tours add up quickly. To save money, opt for guesthouses over hotels or join group tours to share costs. Allow extra time and funds to secure visas and permits.