Table of Contents
Introduction
The Great Migration in Tanzania is one of the most awe-inspiring wildlife spectacles on the planet. Every year, millions of wildebeest, zebra and gazelle migrate in a clockwise circuit across Tanzania and Kenya in search of fresh grazing lands. This is the largest overland migration in the world, with more than two million animals making the trek. Witnessing the sheer numbers of animals and the dramatic crossings of the Mara River is an unforgettable experience. Read on to learn all about this incredible natural phenomenon.
The Annual Trek
The Great Migration involves the continuous movement of the herds as they complete their annual circuit of over 1800 miles. The animals graze and breed in the nutrient-rich grasslands of the Serengeti in Tanzania from December to July. Then around June, they begin their migration northwards up into the Masai Mara in Kenya, following the rains and the growth of new grass. After grazing in Kenya, they begin their journey south again across the Mara River back into the Serengeti around October. This endless movement of wildlife goes on year after year as the herds follow their instictual migration patterns.
Up to 200,000 animals can be on the move each day as they journey through the spectacular landscapes of the Serengeti and the Masai Mara. Huge herds of thousands of wildebeest and zebra dominate the migration, but large numbers of Thompson’s gazelle also join in. It is an incredible sight to behold when glancing across the plains and seeing an endless stream of animals marching across the landscape. The annual migration is a testament to natures wonder and the incredible instincts of these grazing mammals.
The Mara River Crossing
The most dramatic part of the Great Migration occurs at the Mara River crossing in July and August. After grazing in the Masai Mara, the herds must cross the dangerous Mara River in order to return to the Serengeti. The river is brimming with aggressive Nile crocodiles waiting to prey on the migrating animals.
The wildebeest gather nervously on the banks before attempting the crossing en masse. They anxiously mill about before taking the plunge, aware of the predators lying in wait. Once they begin, it is absolute chaos with thousands of wildebeest crashing into the waters. Many get swept away or grabbed by the waiting crocodiles in the terrifying river crossing.
Seeing thousands upon thousands of wildebeest and zebra frantically crossing the Mara River with giant crocodiles in pursuit is a truly heart-stopping spectacle. It exemplifies the harsh reality and struggles that the migrating herds face in their epic journey.
Experiencing the Great Migration
The Great Migration offers some of the best game viewing opportunities in the world. In Tanzania, the prime months to witness the migration are from June to October as the herds move through the northern Serengeti and return across the Mara River.
The wide open grasslands around the Grumeti River are the perfect vantage points to watch giant herds of wildebeest and zebra in June and July. August through October is ideal for seeing the dramatic Mara River crossings as thousands of animals plunge across.
Popular safari activities include game drives to see predators like lions, leopards and cheetahs stalking the herds. Many choose to see the migration by hot air balloon for spectacular aerial views. Or embark on walking safaris to get up close with the wildlife. Luxury campsites and lodges offer front-row seats to the migration action.
Witnessing a live Mara River crossing is an absolute highlight. But be sure to avoid the busiest crossings and aim for later crossings with fewer crowds. Planning your Tanzania safari in advance with a reputable tour operator is a must to coordinate the timing.
Threats Facing the Great Migration
While a mesmerizing display of nature, the future of the great migration faces serious threats. Climate change and persistent droughts have affected the rainfall patterns and grassland regrowth that the herds depend on. Lacking grass and water can be catastrophic.
Poaching and human encroachment also jeopardize the migration. Poachers target these animals for the ivory trade and bushmeat, despite conservation efforts. Expanding farms and villages, roads, fences and other developments block traditional migration routes.
Protecting and preserving the ecosystems, wildlife habitats and migration pathways will be key to ensuring this iconic migration endures for generations. Tourism revenue, anti-poaching patrols, and community conservancies all help protect this natural wonder.
The Impact of the Great Migration
The Great Migration is a natural wonder of the world that showcases the incredible wildlife and ecosystems of the Serengeti and Masai Mara. The sheer number of animals on the move is unmatched anywhere else on Earth.
The migration also supports entire ecosystems and food chains. Their manure helps fertilize the soil while grazing prevents overgrowth. And the migrating herds provide a feast for the Serengeti’s many predators like lions, leopards, cheetahs and hyenas that trail behind them.
For Tanzania, the migration brings in significant tourism income from safari-goers eager to witness it firsthand. It provides crucial revenue and employment to support conservation. Seeing the Great Migration is a bucket list aspiration for travelers from across the globe.
Planning Your Migration Safari
Witnessing the Great Wildebeest Migration is an absolute must for any Tanzania safari itinerary. Tour operators and safari companies offer specialized migration safari packages and camps. The migration can be seen on multi-day overland safaris exploring the Serengeti and the Masai Mara, or mammalian mobile camps that follow the herds.
It’s best to plan your migration safari 6-12 months in advance with the help of an expert. This gives you access to the top seasonal camps and preferred guides. You’ll need to book according to the peak migration months and predicted river crossings. Be sure to pack essentials like binoculars, long sleeve shirts, and a hat for your Tanzania adventure.
Seeing over a million wildebeest and zebras traversing the wild plains of the Serengeti is truly an unparalleled natural spectacle. Your trip to witness the Great Migration will be an awe-inspiring and memorable safari experience. Don’t miss your chance to see one of the New Seven Wonders of Nature!
Conclusion
The epic Great Migration through Tanzania allows you to experience nature at its most raw and spectacular. There are few wildlife encounters as intense and overwhelming as seeing thousands of wildebeest and zebra running, crossing rivers and evading predators in their relentless journey for survival. This iconic safari experience is one that will stay with you for a lifetime. So start planning your own Great Migration adventure in Tanzania today!
FAQs
What is the best time of year to see the Great Migration in Tanzania?
The best time is during the dry season from July through October when the herds enter northern Serengeti and cross the Mara River back south.
Where are the prime spots in Tanzania to see the Great Migration?
The Grumeti River area and Mara River crossings offer the most prolific game viewing of migrating herds. Central Serengeti and Western Corridor are also excellent.
What is the estimated number of animals that take part in the Great Migration?
It’s estimated over 2 million animals including 1.2 million wildebeest, 500,000 gazelles and 200,000 zebras migrate annually.
How far is the migratory circuit covered each year by the herds?
The migratory loop covers over 1,800 miles as the herds trek through Tanzania and Kenya in their search for fresh grazing.
What are some ways to experience the Great Migration on safari?
Game drives, hot air balloons, walking safaris, mobile camps, and stays at seasonal lodges and campsites.