Table of Contents
Introduction
Mauritania is a vast country located in northwest Africa that remains one of the continent’s least visited and most enigmatic destinations. With large swathes of untouched Saharan desert, a windswept Atlantic coastline, and oasis towns steeped in history, Mauritania offers intrepid travelers the chance to experience a landscape of untamed and harsh beauty. In many ways, Mauritania feels like one of the last truly wild corners of our planet. This article explores the many highlights and adventures awaiting those who wish to discover the untamed beauty of Mauritania.
Mauritania’s Diverse Landscapes
The Sahara Desert
The Sahara Desert covers over 60% of Mauritania, and its undulating sand dunes, rocky plateaus, and oasis valleys make up some of the most stunning desert scenery in Africa. Head to the Adrar region to explore dramatic formations like the Richat Structure, a massive geologic dome that resembles a bullseye. The dunes around Chinguetti and Ouadane seem endless, and provide the perfect spot for a camel trek. Stargazing here on clear nights reveals skies ablaze with stars.
The Atlantic Coastline
Mauritania has over 700 km of Atlantic coastline, where you’ll find secluded beaches, small coastal villages, and rich fishing areas. The coastal climate is milder, and the constant ocean breezes provide relief from the desert heat. The Bay of Arguin has islands and inlets that are home to myriad migratory birds and wildlife. The beachside capital Nouakchott blends colorful fishing ports with bustling markets.
Oasis Towns
Scattered around the desert interior are oasis towns like Terjit, an Eden-like oasis of palm groves and natural pools. Atar is a regional hub surrounded by jagged plateaus and greenery. Ouadane and Chinguetti are ancient trade outposts adorned with stone houses and mosques that seem frozen in time. Their historic centers are UNESCO World Heritage sites.
Wildlife and National Parks
Birds and Wildlife
Over 2 million migratory birds pass through Mauritania annually, making it a birdwatching paradise. The Banc d’Arguin National Park hosts over 500 species including pelicans, flamingos, herons, and more. Other species like the desert warthog, fennec fox, hyenas, gazelles, and jackals can be spotted in desert areas.
Banc d’Arguin National Park
This important wetland reserve located between the desert and ocean has over 2 million birds visiting each year. Take boat tours to view countless species up close amidst the park’s pristine beaches, sandbars, and creeks. The local Imraguen people also offer their fishing knowledge.
Diawling National Park
Situated along the Senegal River delta, Diawling comprises wetlands, marshlands, and lakes. Over 300 species of birds can be seen here, along with Nile crocodiles, waterbucks, and warthogs. Visitors can take traditional pirogue boat tours for wildlife viewing.
Ancient Cities and Architecture
Ouadane
Sitting on an oasis in the desert, Ouadane was once a stop on the caravan routes. Wander through the narrow streets and discover ancient mosques and stone houses that display remarkable Moorish designs. Climb the hill for great views of the town and desert beyond.
Chinguetti
This ancient trading hub founded in the 13th century features labyrinthine lanes and imposing stone buildings. Also called the “Pearl of the Desert,” Chinguetti is home to the Friday Mosque with its square minaret, and libraries containing priceless Islamic manuscripts.
Traditional Moorish Architecture
Mauritania has incredible Moorish architecture prominently seen in the oasis towns. Adobe pise architecture made of earth is beautifully decorated with geometric and floral motifs. Inside you’ll find tranquil courtyards and intricate woodwork.
Experience Nomadic Culture
Meet the Moors and Berbers
Mauritania has a fascinating cultural mix of Arab Berbers and black Africans. Spend time with the nomadic Moors, a Berber people who traverse the desert herding livestock. Chat with locals over a cup of mint tea and learn about their traditions.
Camel Trekking
embark on a camel trek to experience how caravans crossed the desert for centuries. Trekking by camel allows you to cover more ground while observing the changing desert scenery. Nighttime camping under the stars is unforgettable.
Stargazing in the Desert
The Mauritanian desert provides phenomenal stargazing thanks to clear skies and little light pollution. Meteor showers are incredibly vivid. Locals are happy to share ancient folklore about desert spirits among the constellations.
Adventure Activities
Sandboarding and Dune Trekking
The giant dunes of the Sahara are perfect for sandboarding. Ascend a dune on foot then zip down head first on a sandboard. Moving through the empty seas of sand on a dune trek is mesmerizing.
Fishing and Water Sports
The Atlantic coast has world-class fishing and water sports. Go fishing for barracuda, grouper, and snapper. The winds and waves are ideal for surfing, windsurfing, and kayaking. Visit the Imraguen people native to the coastal region.
Trekking and Rock Climbing
Mauritania has endless trekking routes like camel treks to ancient towns or mountain treks with spectacular views. There are also great climbable rock formations like the Richat Structure or Teniagouri cliffs. Flat desert terrain makes cycling here easy too.
Conclusion
With its hypnotic desert expanses, vibrant wildlife, and timeless caravan towns, Mauritania promises to be an eye-opening destination for travelers seeking untamed natural beauty and incredible cultural insights. Those willing to venture here are rewarded with exceptional sights, welcoming locals, and adventures found nowhere else on the planet. Mauritania truly represents one of Africa’s final frontiers.
FAQs
What is the best time of year to visit Mauritania?
The coolest and most pleasant time to visit is during the winter months between November to February when temperatures are milder.
What should I wear when going into the desert?
Light and loose-fitting clothes that cover your skin provide cooling protection from the sun. Bring scarves, sun hats, and goggles to shield from sandstorms.
What vaccinations are recommended for Mauritania?
Recommended vaccinations include hepatitis A, typhoid, tetanus, diphtheria, yellow fever, and meningitis. Malaria prevention medication is also advised.
Is it safe to travel in Mauritania?
Mauritania is generally safe but check government travel advisories for any current issues. Travel with experienced local guides and maintain caution in remote areas.
What languages are spoken in Mauritania?
The official language is Arabic but local dialects like Hassaniya and Berber are also spoken. French is widely used in business and tourism. Some English is spoken in major cities and hotels.